Roll-crusher.



W. H. LIEBER.

ROLL CHUSHER.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 23,1913.

Patented J une 1, 1915.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM H. LIEBER, OF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, ASSIGNOR TO ALLIS-CHALMERS MANUFACTURING COMPANY, 0F MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

BOLL-CRUSHEB.

Bpecication of Letters Patent.

Patented June 1, 1915.

T0 all whom` z't may concern Be it known that I, VILLIAM H. LIEBER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Milwaukee, in the county of Milwaukee and State of Wisconsin, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Roll- Crushers, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in the construction of single roll Crushers for rock, ore and similar substances.

An object of the invention is to provide a single roll crusher which is simple in construction and efficient in operation.

The invention is especially applicable to single roll Crushers in which charges of quarry or mine-run rock or ore can be ef` fectively reduced in a single machine, the larger pieces of material being preliminarily fractured by sledging while resting by gravity upon the surface of the roll, and the smaller pieces of the charge, as well as the fragments of the larger pieces, bein reduced to the desired size by direct crus ing. The sledging of the larger pieces is accomplished by ceding. the charge of material into the path of the Slugger knobs of a continuously rotating massive roll. The direct reduction of the smaller pieces of the charge as well as of the fragments of the larger pieces, is effected by nipping and direct crushing of the material between the roll and the adjacent crushing surface of a massive anvil which gradually approaches and extends under the roll.

One of the more specific ob'ects of the present invention is to provi e an anvil which will automatically and effectively retain the material upon enterin the direct crushing chamber, Within this c amber and which will also assist in feeding or forcing the crushed material through the direct crushing chamber, thereby enhancing the capacity of the machine b assisting gravity and the raking action of t e roll projections in clearing. the direct crushing chamber.

Another object of the invention is to provide simple and effective means for elastically restrainingmovement of the massive anvil toward andaway from the roll within limits, so that the anvil during abnormal conditions of operation of the crusher may,

readily recede from the rolland return to its normal position without undesirably jarring and injuring the machine due to the inertia of the returning massive anvil. In the present invention the elastic restraining of the movement of the anvil either toward or away from the roll, is accomplished by the 'use of a single series of compression springs which exert the same restraining pressure to movement of the anvil in either direction. Ready adjustment of the size of the crusher discharge opening is also permitted, thereby providing means for varying the size of the crushed product.

Some of the features of single roll crusher construction shown and described herein, form no part of the present invention and are claimed broadly in application Serial No. 721,318, filed Sept. 197 1912.

A clear conception of an embodiment of the invention may be had by referring to the drawing accompanying and forming a part of this specification in which like reference characters designate the same or similar parts in the various views.

Figure l is a part sectional top view of a single roll crusher. Fig. 2 is a central vertical section through a single roll crusher, the section being taken along the line II-II of Fig. 1, looking in the direction of the arrows. Fig. 3 is a fragmentary sectional view of a modified form of anvil. Fig. 4 is a fragmentary sectional view of a modified -form of anvil.

The single roll crusher consists essentially of a massive roll rotatably mounted in a suitable frame 11 and coperable with a massive anvil 18 which is preferably supported in the same frame. The roll consists primarily of a massive core or roll center 16 secured to the roll shaft 6 and having a series of roll plates 17 firmly secured to its outer surface by any suitable means. These roll plates 17 are preferabl formed of chillediron or manganese stee and are provided with crushin knobs 2li which give the roll an irregu ar outer crushing surface. A pair of diametrically oppositely located roll plates 17, in addition tol being provided wit crushing knobs 2i, have slugger knobs 4 which project considerably beyond the periphery of' the roll, formed thereon. The roll shaft 6 is mounted in suitable bearings formed in the framesll, access to these bearings being permitted by removable bearing caps 19.

The roll driving gear 8 is secured to an overhanging end of the roll shaft 6 and meshes with the driving pinion 9 which is secured to an overhanging end of the driving shaft 2. The driving pulley 1 is secured to the opposite overhanging end of the driving shaft 2 and is adapted to receive driving power from any suitable source, not shown. The driving shaft 2 is supported in adjustable bearings 22 which are secured to the frames 11. Access to the bearings of the shaft 2 is permitted by the removable bearing caps 21. The adjustability of the bearings 22 permits ready adjustment of the pinion 9 relative to ,the driving gear 8, so that a smooth driving connection between these members may be maintained.

The massive anvil 18 is pivotally suspended at its upper end from the anvil suspension shaft 20, the projectlng ends of which are mounted in bearings in the frames 11. The anvil 18 is provided with suitable liners 5 which have a crushing surface on the sides thereof adjacent the crushing roll. As disclosed, the crushing surface of the liners 5 is corrugated, the corrugations extending transversely with reference to the roll axis. Corrugation or roughening of the anvil liners 5 is not essential, but i the liners are corrugated, the corrugatlons should preferably extend transversely as shown in order to assist rather than to retard feeding of crushed material through the direct crushing chamber.

The crushing surface of the liners 5 commences at a point considerably above the crushing roll andadjacent the lower end of the rear wall of the inlet hopper 3, and is preferably curved to gradually approach and extend under the roll. The shape of the crushing surface of the anvil is such that the angle (d between tangents intersecting at any portion of the surface, is always obtuse. The angle (E) is formed between the leading end of a tangent to the roll surface passing through a point of the anvil surface, and the tangent to the anvil surface at that point. The upper portion of the anvil crushing surface is also formed to converge upwardly with a vertical plane passing through the axis of the roll. The curvature of the anvil surface is such that the angle (3 gradually increases toward the crusher discharge, thus assisting the roll knobs 4, 24, and gravity in feeding material toward the discharge opening and in augmenting the velocity of the crushed material as it ap proaches the discharge opening.

In the modified form of upper liner 50, as disclosed in Fig. 3, the upper portion of the crushing surface of the anvil is serrated,

each serration having an independent crushing surface formed with angle between intersecting tangents to the roll and to the anvil crushing surface, obtuse in form. lVith this construction, the inlet opening to the direct crushing chamber can be made larger than in the form disclosed in Fig. 2, and the desired nipping and downward forcing effect of the anvil may still be maintained; and even to a greater degree.

In the modified form of upper liner 51, as disclosed in Fig. 4, the upper portion of the crushing surface of the anvil is serrated in such a manner that the pitch surface of the serrations substantially coincides with the curved crushing surface as formed in Fig. 2. As disclosed, the serrations are relatively large and few in number, but they may be increased in number and reduced in size to form a surface substantially coinciding with that disclosed in Fig. 2. With the form of surface disclosed in Fig. 4, the material is prevented from backing out of the direct crushing chamber, by they sharp downwardly directed edges of the serrations which positivly resist upward movement of the mater1a l In each of the forms of upper liner as disclosed in Figs. 2, 3 and 4, an upper portion of the crushing surface is shaped to resist upward movement of the material after the same has entered the direct crushing chamber. In the forms disclosed in Figs. 2 and 8, the curvature of the crushin surfaces effect the desired result, while 1n the form disclosed in Fig. 4, the curvature of the pitch surface of the serrations and the serration edges, produce a similar result.

The anvil beam 29 is secured to the lower end of the anvil 18 by means of caps 30 105 which are fastened to the body of the anvil 18 by means of clamping bolts 31. Rods 14 which connect with the projecting ends of the anvil beam 29 extend upwardly toward and past the crushing roll through suitablyy 110 formed recesses in the frames 11. The uper ends of these rods 14 are screw threaded.

he upper and lower reaction collars 13, 25. are adjustably secured to the rods 14, being locked in adjusted position upon the rods 14 115 by means of the upper and lower lock nuts 15, 26, respectively. The spring casing or housing 12 is formed with substantially parallel upper and lower -reaction surfaces, which, with the device in normal position, 120 substantially coincide with the adjacent reaction surfaces of the collars 13, 25. The upper and lower spring washers 27, 28, are normally held in contact with the reaction surfaces of the collars 13, 25, respectively, 125 and with the corresponding reaction surfaces of the spring housing 12, by means of helical compression springs 10 which are compressed between the washers 27, 28. The compression springs 10 preferably have an 130 initial compression and may be of any desired number, depending upon the desired rigidity of the anvil 18. The springs 10 serve to elastically restrain the movement of the lower end of the anvil 18 both toward and =away from the ycrushing roll.

The frames 11 are secured to each other by means of tie beams 32, 33, and are strengthened between the oints of support of the anvil 18 and the ro l shaft 6 therein, by means of tie rods 7. The inlet hopper 3 is formed with an inlet opening extending from the upper end of the anvil crushing surface to a point considerably beyond a vertical plane passing through the center of a crushing rol. The hopper 3 is suitably supported upon the frames 11 and tie rods 7, and preferably has at least one of its side walls formed perpendicular in order to pre vent bridging of the material across the hopper inlet opening.

During the normal operation of the device the massive crushing roll is rotated in an anticlockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 2, by means of power applied through the driving pulley 1, shaft 2, pinion 9, gear 8, and roll shaft 6. The charges of material to be crushed, which usually contain pieces of various sizes, are admitted to the hopper 3 from above. The smaller pieces contained in a charge, which are small enough to immediately enter the direct crushing chamber between the roll and anvil 18, pass directly between these members and are crushed by the direct pressure produced by the surface of the rotating roll as it approaches the gradually curved crushing surface of the iners 5. Upon being reduced in the direct crushing chamber, the material is gradually forced or propelled toward the dischar e end of this chamber by gravity and by t e raki action of the roll knobs 4, 24, which perio ically pass through the direct crushlnp chamber and in proximity to the anvi 18.

The pieces `of material included in the charge admitted through the hopper 3 which are too large to be nipped and directly crushed between the roll and anvil 18, rest by gravity upon the upper surfaceof the roll. As the Slugger knobs 4 periodically approach these large masses of material they deliver sharp blows against the masses and eventually fracture same, causing them to break into pieces which are small enough to enter the inlet space above the direct crushing chamber. VAs soon as a iece of material is mall enough to enter t e inlet opening of the direct crushing chamber, it is nipped and directly crushed between the anvil crushing surface and the knobs 4, 24, of the rotating crushing roll. By forming the anvil crushing surface with its curvature such that the angle 6 is obtuse opening toward the crusher discharge and formed between the leading end of a tangent to the roll Surface passing through any point of the anvil surface and the tangent to the anvil surface at that point, the material upon being nip ed is also automatically urged toward the ischarge end of the direct crushing chamber, thus increasing the capacity of the crusher and positively preventing material from backing out of the direct crushing chamber after once entering the inlet opening thereto. By so forming the hopper opening that material admitted to the crusher is dxpo'sted directl upon the crushing roll, the e ectiveness o the Slugger knobs 4 is increased since the full benefit of the mass of the material is secured by permitting the large pieces to rest directly above and against the rotating roll.

If for any reason material which 1s incapable of being crushed is admitted to the direct crushin chamber, the anvil 18 at its lower end is orced away from the roll by the downward pressure of the roll projections in forcing the unbreakable material toward the crusher discharge along the anvil crushing surface. `During such recession of the lower end ofthe anvil 18 from the roll, the rods 14 are forced downwardly, causing the upper collars 13 to exert a ldownward pressure against the upper spring washers 27' and to compress the springs 10 against the spring washers 28. Downward movement of the washers 28 is in the meantime resisted by the lower reaction surfaces of the stationary spring casings 12 with which the spring washers 28 coact. After the unbreakable material hasbeen forced through the direct crushin chamber, the compressed springs 10 imme iately act to return the upper spring washers 27 to their normal position of coaction with the upper reaction surfaces of the spring housing 12. When the upper spring washers 27 are thus brought into coaction with Vthe surfaces of the spring housing 12, the anvil 18 is again in normal position, but due to the eatinass a-nd resulting inertia of the anvi 18 1n its return movement toward the roll, the lower end of the anvil 18 tends to overtravel its normal position. If the anvil 18 were suddenly `stopped. against the frames 11 at its normal position, it would severely jar or 1njure the frame of the machine. n order to prevent this jarring or injuring of the frames 11 of the machine and to absorb the shock, the anvil 18 is permitted to travel bewill be noted that the single series of compression springs 10 elastically restrain the movement of the anvil 18 with equal force in its movement both toward and away from the crushing roll beyond normal position. If it is desired to adjust the size of the'discharge opening leading from the direct crushing chamber, this may be done by loosening the lock nuts 15, 26, and adjusting the position of the collars 13, 25, upon the rods 14 so as to produce the desired discharge opening.

It should be understood that it is not desired to be limited to the exact details of construction shown and described, for obvious modifications will occur to a person skilled in the art.

It is claimed and desired to secure by Letters Patent,-

1. In a crusher, a .rotatable roll having a plurality of Slugger knobs, means for positively rotating said roll, and an elastically restrained movable anvil having a curved crushing surface which gradually approaches and extends under said roll, the curvature of said anvil surface being such that the angle is obtuse opening toward the crusher discharge and formed between the leading end of a tangent to the roll surface passing through any point of the anvil surface and the tangent to the anvil surface at that point, and said anvil having corrugations at its inlet and extending along said anvil and in the direction of rotation of` said roll.

2. In a crusher, a rotatable roll having a plurality of slugger knobs, means for positively rotating said roll, and an anvil hav ing a curved surface which gradually approaches and extends under said roll, said anvil having corrugations at its upper end extending in the direction of rotation of said roll and the curvature of said anvil surface being such that the angle is obtuse opening toward the crusher discharge and formed between the leading end ofatangent to the roll surface passing through any point of the anvil surface and the tangent to the anvil surface at that point.

3. ln a crusher, a rotatable roll, and an anvil having a curved crushing surface which beginning at a point above said roll gradually approaches and extends under said roll, the upper end of said anvil having corrugations extending in the direction of rotation of said roll and the curvature of said anvil crushing surface being such that the` angle is obtuse opening toward the crusher discharge and formed between the leading end of a tangent to the roll surface passing through any point of the anvil surface and the tangent to the anvil surface at that point.

4. In a crusher, a rotatable roll. and an anvil having a crushing surface adjacent said roll, the upper portion of said a'nvil surface having corrugations extending in the direction of rotation of said roll and being so shaped that the angle is obtuse opening toward the crusher discharge and formed between the leading end ofa tangent Vto the roll surface ypassing through any point of the anvil surface and the tangent to the anvil surface at that point.

5. In a crusher, a rotatable roll, an anvil having a crushing surface adjacent said roll, the shape of the upper portion of said anvil surface beingsuch that the angle is obtuse opening toward the crusher discharge and formed between the leading end of a tangent to the roll surface passing through any point of the anvil surface and the tangent to the anvil surface at that point, and common means for elastically restraining movement of the lower end of said anvil both toward and away from said roll.

6. In a crusher, a rotatable roll having a plurality of slugger knobs, means for positively rotating said roll, an elastically restrained movable anvil having a curved crushing surface which gradually approaches and extends under said roll, the

curvature of said anvil surface being such that the angle is obtuse opening toward the crusher discharge and formed between the leading end of a tangent to the roll surface passing through any point of the anvil surface and the tangent to the anvil surface at that point, and a hopper having a guiding wall adjacent the upper edge of said anvil surface, the guiding surface of said wall converging upwardly with a vertical plane passing through the roll axis. A

7. In a crusher, a rotatable roll having a plurality of slugger knobs, means for positively rotating said roll, an anvil having a curved crushing surface which gradually approaches and extends undemsaid roll, the curvature of said anvil surface being such that the angle is obtuse opening toward the crusher discharge and formed between the leading end of a tangent to the roll surface passing through any point of the anvil surface and the tangent to the anvil surface at that point and a hopper having a guiding wall adjacent the upper edge of said anvil surface, the guiding surface of said wall converging upwardly with a vertical plane passing through the roll axis.

8. In a crusher, a rotatable roll, an anvil having a curved crushing surface which beginning at a point above said roll gradually approaches and extends under said roll, .the curvature of said anvil crushing surface being such that the angle is obtuse opening toward the crusher discharge and formed between the leading end of a tangent to the roll surface passing through any point of the anvil surface and the tangent to the anvil surface at that point, andahopper having a guiding wall adjacent the upper edge of said anvil surface, the guiding surface of said wall converging upwardly with a vertical plane passing through the roll axis.

9. In a Crusher, a rotatable roll, an anvil having a crushing surface adjacent said roll, the shape of the upper portion of said anvil surface being such that the angle is obtuse opening toward the Crusher discharge and formed between the leading end of a tangent to the roll surface passing through any point of the anvil surface and the tangent to the anvil surface at that point, and a hopper having a guiding wall adjacent the upper edge of said anvil surface, the guiding surface of said wall converging upwardly with a vertical plane passing through the roll axis.

10. In a Crusher, a rotatable roll, an anvil having a curved crushing surface which gradually approaches said roll, the curvature of said anvil surface being such that the angle is obtuse opening toward the crusher discharge and formed between the leading end of a tangent to the roll surface passing through any point of the anvil surface and the tangent to the anvil surface at that point, and a hopper having a guiding wall adjacent the upper edge of said anvil surface, the guiding surface of said wall converging upwardly with a vertical plane passing through the roll axis.

11. In a Crusher, a rotatable roll, an anvil having a crushing surface adjacent said roll, the shape of said anvil surface being such that the angle is obtuse opening toward the Crusher discharge and formed between the leading end of a tangent to the roll surface passing through any point of the anvil surface and the tangent to the anvil surface at -that point, and a hopper having a guiding wall adjacent the upper edge of said anvil surface, the guiding surface of said wall converging upwardly with a vertical plane passing through the roll axis.

12. In a Crusher, a rotatable roll, an anvil having a crushing surface which gradually approaches and extends under said roll, and a hopper having a guiding wall adjacent the upper edge of said anvil, both the upper portion of said anvil crushing surface and the guiding surface of said hopper wall converging upwardly with a vertical plane passing through the roll axis.

13. In a Crusher, a rotatable roll, movable means having a crushing surface adjacent said roll, and a spring for elasticallv restraining displacement of said movable means both toward and away from said roll.

14. In a crusher, a rotatable roll, movable means having a crushing surface adjacent said roll, and a single series of springs. said Series being active to elastically restrain displacement of said movable means both toward and away from said roll.

15. In a Crusher, a. rotatable roll, nmovable means having a crushing surface adjacent said roll, said ,means being movable toward or away from said roll, a spring for elasticallv restraining the movement of said movable means, and means for maintaining said restraining spring under compression during movement of said movable means in either direction.

1G. In a Crusher, a rotatable roll, movable means having a crushing surface adjacent said roll, said means being movable toward or away from Said roll, a single series of springs for elastically restraining the movement of said movable means, and means for maintaining said series of springs under stress to actively oppose movement of said movable means in either direction.

17. In a Crusher, two coacting Crusher elements, and a spring, said series being active to elastically restrain movement of one of said elements both toward and away from the other of said elements.

18. In a Crusher, two coacting Crusher elements having a chamber adapted for gravity feeding formed between them, and common means for elastically restraining movement of the lower end of one of Said elements both toward and away from the other of said elements.

19. In a crusher, two coacting crusher elements, and a single series of springs, said series being active to elastically restrain the displacement of one of said elements both toward and away from the other of said elements.

20. In a Crusher, two coacting elements, one of said elements being movable toward and away from the other of said elements, a spring for elastically restraining the movement of said movable element, and means for maintaining said restraining spring under compression during movement of said element in either direction.

21. In a crusher` two coacting crusher elements, one of said elements being movable toward and away from the other of said elements, a series of springs for lastically restraining the movement of said movable element. and means for maintaining said series of springs under stress to actively 0ppose movement of said element in either direction.

22. In a Crusher, two coacting crusher elements having a crushing chamber formed between them, and a spring applied to one of said elements adjacent the discharge from said crushing chamber and elastically restraining movement of said element both toward and away from the other of said elements.

In a Crusher, two coacting Crusher elements having a crushing chamber formed between them, and a spring applied to one of said elements adjacent the narrowest portion of said crushing chamber and elastcally restraining movement of said element both i toward and away from the other of said elements.

In testimony whereof, the 4signature of the inventor is axed hereto in the presence of two wltnesses.

G. F. DE WEIN, J. P. KANE.

Itis hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 1,141,643, granted June 1, 191.5, upon the application of William H. Lieber, of Milwaulree,-Wisconsin, for an improvement in Roll-Crushers, errors appear in the printed specification requiring correction as follows: Page 4, line 116, after the word point insert a comma;

page 5, lines 8'? and 88, strike out the comma and words said series being active to elastically restrain and insert the Wordsfor elastcally restraining; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with these corrections therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

.Signed and sealed this 15th day of June, A. D., 1915.

[Sme] J. T. NEWTON,

Acting Commissioner of Patente. 

